广东成人学位英语语法——虚拟语气
第四部分 虚拟语气
如果所表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小时,称为虚拟条件句。
考试重点:虚拟语气的基本形式和用法;if的省略形式;含蓄条件句;以wish(that)引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句;would rather 引导的从句;以as if, as though 引导的从句;以suggest, advise, insist 等词后引导的宾语从句;It is necessary(important)that引导的主语从句;It is time (that)…句型中。
一、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法:
虚拟(条件)语气中,主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类:

1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _____ him.
A. had known
B. have known
C. knew
D. know
(答案:C。与现在的事实相反,从句用过去时)
2、Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _____ the same language?
A. spoke
B. speak
C. had spoken
D. will speak
(答案:A。与现在的事实相反,从句的谓语动词用过去时。)
3、If Bob____ with us, he would have had a good time.
A. would come
B. would have come
C. had come
D. came
(答案为C。与过去的事实相反,从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。)
二、if的省略形式
在虚拟条件句中, 如谓语包含were , had, should等词, 则可以把这些词放到主语前面,省略if。
1、_____ you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions.
A. If I realized
B. Had I realized
C. Did I have realized that
D. As I realized
(答案:B。虚拟条件句有时可以省略if,而将谓语中的过去式were,had,或should等移至主语之前。)
2、_____, I should ask them some questions.
A. Should they come to us
B. If they come to us
C. Were they come to us
D. Had they come to us
(答案:A。与将来事实相反。)
三、含蓄条件句
有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示,而用其它方式来表示,这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with,without,but for。
1、Without your help, we _____ so much.
A. didn’t achieve
B. would not have achieved
C. will not achieve
D. don’t achieve
(答案:B。这是一句含蓄条件句,条件暗含在介词短语without your help中,因此要用虚拟语气。)
2、But for the rain, we _____ a nice holiday.
A. should have
B. would have had
C. would have
D. will have had
(答案:B)
四、以wish(that)引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句
wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用:主语+wish +从句(主语+过去时);表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用:主语+wish +从句(主语+过去完成时);
1、Peter wishes that he _____ law instead of literature when he was in college.
A. could study
B. studied
C. had studied
D. would study
(答案:C)
2、I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I _____ there.
A. were
B. would be
C. had been
D. will be
(答案:C)
五、would rather+句子(过去时)
1、I’d _____ you didn’t touch that, if you don’t mind.
A. rather
B. better
C. happier
D. further
(答为案:A)
2、I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _____ next month for a dinner.
A. come
B. would come
C. came
D. have come
(答案为C)
六、以as if,as though引导的从句
在as if,as though引导的从句中,如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况时,它们所引用的状语从句要用虚拟语气,动词形式和wish 后面的从中动词形式变化相同。
1、He talks as if he _____ everything in the world.
A. knows
B. knew
C. had known
D. would have known
(答案:B。as if(though)从句中非真实性情况用虚拟语气。本句表示说话人对现在的情况有所怀疑,所以用过去时。)
2、You are talking as if you had seen them
你谈的那么起劲,好像你真的见过似的。(表示想象中的过去的动作)
七、以suggest,advise,insist等词后引导的宾语从句中,从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可以省略。
类似的动词有:propose,insist,suggest,order,demand,require,request等。
1、The doctor advised that Mr. Malan _____ an operation right away so as to save his life.
A. had
B. would have
C. have
D. was going to have
(答案:C)
2、His mother insisted that he _____ the coat when going out.
A. put on
B. puts on
C. to put
D. putting on
(答案:A)
八、It is necessary/important/urgent that引导的主语从句中,从句的谓语动词要用should+原形动词,should可以省略。
1、It’s desired that she _____ to teach us at least twice a week.
A. comes
B. will come
C. come
D. may come
(答案:C)
2、It’s urgent that a meeting _____ before the final decision is made.
A. will be arranged
B. must be arranged
C. be arranged
D. would be arranged
(答案:C)
九、It is time (that)…引导的定语从句中,谓语动词用过去时。
1、It’s high time we _____ something to stop traffic accident.
A. do
B. will do
C. did
D. must do
(答案:C)
2、Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking?
A. give up
B. gave up
C. would give up
D. should give up
(答案:B)
版权声明
广东省自考中心申明:
(一)由于各方面情况的调整与变化本网提供的考试信息仅供参考,敬请以教育考试院及院校官方公布的正式信息为准。
(二)本网注明信息来源为其他媒体的稿件均为转载体,免费转载出于非商业性学习目的,版权归原作者所有。如有内容与版权问题等请与本站联系。联系方式:邮件 1101281048@qq.com。
本文系作者授权本站发表,未经许可,不得转载。