广东成人学位英语语法——虚拟语气

　　第四部分 虚拟语气

　　如果所表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小时，称为虚拟条件句。

　　考试重点：虚拟语气的基本形式和用法;if的省略形式;含蓄条件句;以wish(that)引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句;would rather 引导的从句;以as if, as though 引导的从句;以suggest, advise, insist 等词后引导的宾语从句;It is necessary(important)that引导的主语从句;It is time (that)…句型中。

　　一、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法：

　　虚拟(条件)语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：

　　1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _____ him.

　　A. had known

　　B. have known

　　C. knew

　　D. know

　　(答案：C。与现在的事实相反，从句用过去时)

　　2、Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _____ the same language?

　　A. spoke

　　B. speak

　　C. had spoken

　　D. will speak

　　(答案：A。与现在的事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去时。)

　　3、If Bob____ with us, he would have had a good time.

　　A. would come

　　B. would have come

　　C. had come

　　D. came

　　(答案为C。与过去的事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。)

　　二、if的省略形式

　　在虚拟条件句中， 如谓语包含were , had, should等词， 则可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略if。

　　1、_____ you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions.

　　A. If I realized

　　B. Had I realized

　　C. Did I have realized that

　　D. As I realized

　　(答案：B。虚拟条件句有时可以省略if，而将谓语中的过去式were，had，或should等移至主语之前。)

　　2、_____, I should ask them some questions.

　　A. Should they come to us

　　B. If they come to us

　　C. Were they come to us

　　D. Had they come to us

　　(答案：A。与将来事实相反。)

　　三、含蓄条件句

　　有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with，without，but for。

　　1、Without your help, we _____ so much.

　　A. didn’t achieve

　　B. would not have achieved

　　C. will not achieve

　　D. don’t achieve

　　(答案：B。这是一句含蓄条件句，条件暗含在介词短语without your help中，因此要用虚拟语气。)

　　2、But for the rain, we _____ a nice holiday.

　　A. should have

　　B. would have had

　　C. would have

　　D. will have had

　　(答案：B)

　　四、以wish(that)引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句

　　wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语+wish +从句(主语+过去时);表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语+wish +从句(主语+过去完成时);

　　1、Peter wishes that he _____ law instead of literature when he was in college.

　　A. could study

　　B. studied

　　C. had studied

　　D. would study

　　(答案：C)

　　2、I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I _____ there.

　　A. were

　　B. would be

　　C. had been

　　D. will be

　　(答案：C)

　　五、would rather+句子(过去时)

　　1、I’d _____ you didn’t touch that, if you don’t mind.

　　A. rather

　　B. better

　　C. happier

　　D. further

　　(答为案：A)

　　2、I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _____ next month for a dinner.

　　A. come

　　B. would come

　　C. came

　　D. have come

　　(答案为C)

　　六、以as if，as though引导的从句

　　在as if，as though引导的从句中，如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况时，它们所引用的状语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式和wish 后面的从中动词形式变化相同。

　　1、He talks as if he _____ everything in the world.

　　A. knows

　　B. knew

　　C. had known

　　D. would have known

　　(答案：B。as if(though)从句中非真实性情况用虚拟语气。本句表示说话人对现在的情况有所怀疑，所以用过去时。)

　　2、You are talking as if you had seen them

　　你谈的那么起劲，好像你真的见过似的。(表示想象中的过去的动作)

　　七、以suggest，advise，insist等词后引导的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。

　　类似的动词有：propose，insist，suggest，order，demand，require，request等。

　　1、The doctor advised that Mr. Malan _____ an operation right away so as to save his life.

　　A. had

　　B. would have

　　C. have

　　D. was going to have

　　(答案：C)

　　2、His mother insisted that he _____ the coat when going out.

　　A. put on

　　B. puts on

　　C. to put

　　D. putting on

　　(答案：A)

　　八、It is necessary/important/urgent that引导的主语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+原形动词，should可以省略。

　　1、It’s desired that she _____ to teach us at least twice a week.

　　A. comes

　　B. will come

　　C. come

　　D. may come

　　(答案：C)

　　2、It’s urgent that a meeting _____ before the final decision is made.

　　A. will be arranged

　　B. must be arranged

　　C. be arranged

　　D. would be arranged

　　(答案：C)

　　九、It is time (that)…引导的定语从句中，谓语动词用过去时。

　　1、It’s high time we _____ something to stop traffic accident.

　　A. do

　　B. will do

　　C. did

　　D. must do

　　(答案：C)

　　2、Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking?

　　A. give up

　　B. gave up

　　C. would give up

　　D. should give up

　　(答案：B)